Occupations throughout the work trajectory and the development of musculoskeletal disorders among older adults seeking to remain in the workforce in Mexico City

Abstract

Abstract

Population aging highlights the need to understand how working conditions accumulated throughout the life course may be related to health in later life. In Mexico, evidence on the relationship between occupational trajectories, types of occupations, and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among older adults remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the type of occupation throughout the occupational trajectory and the presence of MSDs among older adults seeking to continue working in Mexico City. A quantitative, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 older adults attending an Integral Care Center. Occupational trajectories were reconstructed using a questionnaire, and MSDs were assessed using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, as well as multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, education, and marital status. Overall, 64% of participants had an unfavorable occupational trajectory, and 68% reported at least one musculoskeletal symptom. The predominant occupational group was sales workers, employees, and sales agents (19.6%). Occupations in personal services and security showed a 38% higher prevalence of MSDs (PR=1.38; p=0.07). Women had a higher prevalence of MSDs than men (PR=1.20; p=0.03) and, in the adjusted model, greater odds of presenting MSDs (OR=1.97; p=0.04). These findings highlight the importance of considering occupational trajectories, occupational inequalities, and social protection when understanding musculoskeletal health in later life.