Ammonia-induced corneal burns in cleaning staff: a narrative review of management and prevention in the workplace.

Abstract

Introduction: Ammonia (NH3) is a volatile, lipophilic alkali widely used in industrial cleaning that accounts for 7% to 18% of chemical eye injuries in workplace settings. Contact with ocular tissue causes liquefactive necrosis and stromal destruction, creating a high risk of corneal opacity, ulcerative keratitis, and ocular hypertension among cleaning personnel who handle this chemical without appropriate protective equipment. Objective: To analyze scientific evidence published between 2015 and 2026 regarding the management and prevention of ammonia-induced corneal burns among cleaning personnel in their work areas. Method: A narrative literature review was conducted by searching four databases—PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar—applying inclusion criteria and specific MeSH terms relevant to the study period. Results: The screening and eligibility process allowed for the identification and pre-selection of multiple records; ultimately, 10 reports were selected for the narrative synthesis. Conclusions: Ammonia-induced corneal burns represent critical yet entirely preventable ophthalmic emergencies. Immediate intervention via saline irrigation for 30 minutes (initiated within 10 seconds or less of contact) is crucial for preventing permanent blindness. It is concluded that updating corporate safety measures is essential, specifically by ensuring the installation of eyewash stations within 10 seconds of high-risk areas and replacing standard glasses with airtight polycarbonate goggles.