Determination of Pulmonary Function in Workers Exposed to Dust Using Spirometry / Determinación de la Función Pulmonar en Trabajadores Expuestos A Polvos Mediante La Aplicación De Espirometríasmetrías.

Resumen

Introduction.

Lung diseases remain a significant occupational health issue, particularly among workers exposed to respirable particles. Assessing lung function via spirometry enables the detection of respiratory abnormalities and the implementation of timely preventive strategies.

Method or Procedure

An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on workers exposed to paper dust. Pulmonary function was assessed via spirometry and the interpretation of respiratory parameters. Descriptive statistics—including measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables, and absolute and relative frequencies for qualitative variables—were employed; additionally, inferential statistics were applied using t-tests and chi-square tests.

Results

Twenty-two workers were evaluated; the majority were male, with a mean age of 40 years. Most exhibited spirometric parameters within normal ranges; however, respiratory symptoms such as exertional dyspnea, expectoration, and cough were identified. Additionally, mild alterations in certain pulmonary function parameters were observed, along with statistically significant differences in FEV1, FVC, and the FEV1/FVC ratio.

Discussion and Conclusions

Spirometric assessment of workers exposed to organic paper dust showed that the majority of the population exhibited lung function parameters within normal ranges, with a predominance of spirometric patterns showing no significant obstructive abnormalities. Nevertheless, respiratory symptoms—primarily exertional dyspnea, expectoration, and cough—were identified in a considerable proportion of workers, suggesting possible irritant effects linked to occupational exposure.

The results highlight the importance of implementing and maintaining preventive respiratory epidemiological surveillance programs starting from the time new personnel join the company. The aim is to detect potential lung function abnormalities early, while continuing measures to reduce organic dust exposure in work areas and promoting the proper use of personal protective equipment within the paper industry.

Finally, it is recommended that studies involving larger numbers of workers and long-term follow-up be conducted to evaluate the progression of respiratory abnormalities associated with occupational exposure in this type of industry.

References

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