Exposure to psychosocial risk factors of commercial pilots / Exposición a factores de riesgo psicosocial de pilotos comerciales
Resumen
Introduction: It is important to determine the most important psychosocial factors to which pilots are exposed since they are the main actors in this field of work. Objective: Conduct a systematic search to identify the psychosocial risk factors to which pilots are exposed. Material and methods: To develop this article, the problem question has been defined using the PICOT method, and a systematic review of the literature has been conducted: PubMed, Scielo, and Annual Reviews using the search code that fits each platform, using Mesh terms. Results: In the process, 277 were identified who were evaluated following the PRISMA process. Finally, after applying the exclusion criteria, fifteen articles were selected for complete review, of which only three met all the criteria. Discussion and conclusions: Workload has been shown to negatively affect brain function, highlighting the importance of investigating appropriate work hours and measures to reduce errors. Exposure to long hours generates chronic fatigue and increases the risk of errors and accidents. Although substance use is well documented, it is essential to investigate its close relationship with psychosocial risk factors, mental illness, and stress. This study lays the foundation for future research in aerospace occupational medicine and psychology, highlighting the need for quantitative studies that analyze the association of risks and probabilities of their manifestation.
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